This article presents a model of accident causation - the Entropy Model - that identifies two categories of risk:
• Entropic risk - the risk associated with the degradation of business systems.
• Residual risk - the inherent danger in all organizational activities.
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The model provides a balanced, comprehensive approach to hazard control. It also challenges contemporary perceptions of production and safety as incompatible business objectives by illustrating that as systems degrade, performance and safety are threatened. The model has significant implications for management practices, particularly in hazardous industries, laying the path open for the development of organizational cultures in which output and safety are pursued concurrently. It suggests that legal compliance and social responsibility are characteristic of sustainable business practice.
Historically, accident causation models have underpinned the development of OHS management systems. A fundamental weakness of the early models is that they treat risk as a broad concept and fail to sufficiently explain the significance of unforeseen and residual risks. In addition, they do not clearly illustrate how risk is affected by business activity. As a result, a comprehensive, strategic direction for risk reduction has not emerged. The emphasis on worker behavior in these models also is problematic. It can lead to lack of consideration of underlying weaknesses in organizational systems that contribute to incidents. For example, a vehicle rollover may be attributed to human error when the root cause is fatigue caused by excessive hours of work.
A very limited perspective of accident causation occurs when the focus of OHS is on human factors or behavioral safety alone. The implication is that if human error is eliminated, all accidents can be prevented. This does not take into consideration that the firm's efforts to manage hazards are countered by the natural degradation of systems. In addition, there is an inherent risk that cannot be totally controlled by the firm.
If risk cannot be eradicated, how can all accidents be avoided? The presence of residual risk means that they cannot. Consequently, strategies need to be devised to manage inherent danger, and workers need to be vigilant because of it. The majority of accidents can be averted and injuries prevented, provided that the OHS management system addresses natural degradation and these residual threats. This is effectively a shift away from the broad singular concept of risk. The Entropy Model illustrates how these two risk categories are related to business activity. It provides an approach to risk management that managers can apply strategically and at the operational "coal face."
• Entropic risk - the risk associated with the degradation of business systems.
• Residual risk - the inherent danger in all organizational activities.
View more[>>]
The model provides a balanced, comprehensive approach to hazard control. It also challenges contemporary perceptions of production and safety as incompatible business objectives by illustrating that as systems degrade, performance and safety are threatened. The model has significant implications for management practices, particularly in hazardous industries, laying the path open for the development of organizational cultures in which output and safety are pursued concurrently. It suggests that legal compliance and social responsibility are characteristic of sustainable business practice.
Historically, accident causation models have underpinned the development of OHS management systems. A fundamental weakness of the early models is that they treat risk as a broad concept and fail to sufficiently explain the significance of unforeseen and residual risks. In addition, they do not clearly illustrate how risk is affected by business activity. As a result, a comprehensive, strategic direction for risk reduction has not emerged. The emphasis on worker behavior in these models also is problematic. It can lead to lack of consideration of underlying weaknesses in organizational systems that contribute to incidents. For example, a vehicle rollover may be attributed to human error when the root cause is fatigue caused by excessive hours of work.
A very limited perspective of accident causation occurs when the focus of OHS is on human factors or behavioral safety alone. The implication is that if human error is eliminated, all accidents can be prevented. This does not take into consideration that the firm's efforts to manage hazards are countered by the natural degradation of systems. In addition, there is an inherent risk that cannot be totally controlled by the firm.
If risk cannot be eradicated, how can all accidents be avoided? The presence of residual risk means that they cannot. Consequently, strategies need to be devised to manage inherent danger, and workers need to be vigilant because of it. The majority of accidents can be averted and injuries prevented, provided that the OHS management system addresses natural degradation and these residual threats. This is effectively a shift away from the broad singular concept of risk. The Entropy Model illustrates how these two risk categories are related to business activity. It provides an approach to risk management that managers can apply strategically and at the operational "coal face."
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